Definition of Open Source: Functions, Types, and Examples

Irhan Hisyam

Content Writer

January 16, 2025

Open source refers to the concept of software whose source code can be accessed, modified, and distributed by anyone. This concept has become a cornerstone in collaborative and open technology development.

In this article, we will discuss what open source is, its benefits, and how it differs from closed source. Let's see the full explanation to understand how open source can provide the best solution for various technology needs.

Definition of Open Source

Open source is a concept where the source code of software is freely accessible to anyone. This means that anyone can view, modify, and redistribute the code as needed.

Open source software is usually developed collaboratively by a community of developers from around the world. Its main advantages are transparency and flexibility, as users can customize the software to their needs.

Unlike closed source software that is closed, open source gives full freedom to its users. Examples of popular open source software are Linux, WordPress, and Mozilla Firefox.

Open Source Functions

Open source has various functions that provide great benefits to developers, businesses, and technology users in general. Here are some of the main functions of open source:

1. Support Collaborative Development

Open source allows many developers from different parts of the world to work together. With open access to source code, development becomes faster and more efficient. This creates innovations that continue to evolve according to the needs of the times.

2. Increases Transparency

In open source, everyone can see how a software works through its source code. This increases user trust as there are no hidden elements. This transparency also helps detect and fix bugs faster.

3. Reduce Development Costs

Since the source code is freely accessible, many organizations take advantage of open source to save costs. There is no need to pay for expensive licenses like with closed source software. The saved resources can be diverted to the development of additional features.

4. Encouraging Education and Learning

Open source is a very useful tool for students and new developers to learn. They can learn how the software works by looking directly at the source code. This helps improve technical expertise without requiring a large investment.

5. Provides Flexibility to Users

Open source users have the freedom to customize the software according to their needs. There are no restrictions in adding or removing certain features. This flexibility is perfect for businesses that require specific technology solutions.

Difference between Open Source and Close Source

Open source describes software whose source code can be accessed and modified by anyone, in contrast to close source which is more closed. Here are the main differences between open source and close source:

1. Access to Source Code

Open source allows users to view, modify, and redistribute the source code freely. Meanwhile, close source does not provide access to the source code, so users can only use the software in its finished form without modification.

2. User Freedom

Open source gives users full freedom to customize the software according to their needs. On the other hand, close source restricts users with rules and licenses that govern how the software can be used.

3. Development Model

Open source software is usually developed by a global community that works collaboratively. In contrast, close source is developed by a company's internal team that controls the entire development process exclusively.

4. Cost and License

Most open source software is available for free, reducing development or usage costs. Whereas close source often requires high license fees to use, especially for commercial purposes.

5. Security and Transparency

Open source offers transparency, so bugs and security holes can be detected and fixed faster. Close source, on the other hand, relies on internal teams to deal with security issues, which sometimes takes longer because the process is closed.

Types of Open Source

The definition of open source includes various types of software that have the principle of open access to their source code. Based on the nature of ownership and accessibility, open source software is divided into two main types:

1. Commercial Software

This type of open source software has property rights owned by certain developers or organizations. Users generally cannot access the source code directly.

However, access to the source code can be granted if the user provides incentives in the form of compensation for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) to the developer. This type combines open source principles with a commercial business model.

2. Free Software

This type allows users to access and modify the source code for free. Unlike freeware, which can only be downloaded and used at no cost, free open source software offers full access to its source code.

This allows users to customize the software as needed without being hindered by copyright restrictions. This free open source is a popular choice among individuals and the developer community.

Examples of Open Source Software

The definition of open source not only explains the principle of open source code, but is also reflected in many widely recognized software. Here are 5 examples of open source software and their explanations:

1. Linux Operating System

Linux is a highly flexible open source operating system that supports a wide range of devices, from personal computers to servers. Its many distributions, such as Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian, are designed for different needs. With the support of the global community, Linux continues to grow as a strong alternative to paid operating systems.

2. Mozilla Firefox Browser

Mozilla Firefox is an open source browser known for its focus on security and user privacy. Its source code is available for developers to modify and add new features. Firefox is constantly updated by the global community, making it one of the best alternatives to other browsers.

3. WordPress Content Management Platform

WordPress is a content management platform (CMS) that helps users easily create a website or blog. Its source code is modifiable, allowing developers to customize features as needed. With thousands of plugins and themes available, WordPress is the top choice for websites of all sizes.

4. GIMP Image Editing Software

GIMP is an image editing software that offers advanced features for free. It supports a wide range of file formats and has tools on par with commercial applications like Photoshop. With modifiable code, GIMP is an ideal choice for graphic designers looking for a cost-effective solution.

5. Apache HTTP Server Web Server

Apache is a reliable open source web server that is widely used to host websites around the world. An active developer community ensures that Apache remains relevant to the latest technologies. Its flexibility and scalability make Apache a top choice for websites of all sizes.

Conclusion:

Open source describes the principle of openness that gives users the freedom to access and modify the source code.

With benefits such as transparency, flexibility, and cost efficiency, open source is becoming a popular technology solution.

Examples of software such as Linux and WordPress show the success of this concept in various needs. Through community collaboration, open source continues to evolve to bring new innovations.